Jay Ganesh Baba??

Taking up the “pen” today, after a long time to write about one of my favourite themes- regionalism/racism within India. In the recent past I was particularly disturbed to read a series of Facebook posts by “progressive, liberal Bengali-s”. Many of them took exception to the fact that Bengali youngsters are posting “Ganapati Bappa Moriya” on their Facebook walls during Ganesha Puja in Mumbai, or celebrating “Dhanteras”, but they do not celebrate traditional Bengali festivals like “Sindur Khela” after Durga Puja, Haalkhata on Bengali New Years’ Day (Nababarsho) etc. Many of these devout Bengali-s were distressed to see Bengali-s forgetting their own culture, and blindly copying others’. Some saw racism in it- that non-Bengali-s (whatever that means) are working overtime with their grand conspiracy to systematically wipe out Bengali culture by propaganda through television, movies etc.

Racism, really? I wondered who are being racist. In a democracy, which India is supposed to be, isn’t every person free to choose which festival (s)he wants to celebrate? Even if we assume that modern Bengali-s have scant regard for their Bengali tradition (my own experience suggests otherwise), isn’t it totally a matter of individual choice? If a particular person is born in a Bengali-speaking family, but finds Ganesha Puja more attractive than Durga Puja, what exactly is wrong with it? The community into which (s)he was born was chosen just by chance, isn’t it? By expecting a person to follow the tradition of the community into which (s)he was born, one puts communal identity above individual identity. Isn’t  that itself racism???

And then regarding the issue of blindly copying others, isn’t that what everone does anyway? A child born in a Bengali family does not know either Durga Puja or Ganesha Puja to begin with, it is not a genetic thing. (S)he learns what others around her do, and copies them. If others around her celebrate Durga Puja, she may learn to celebrate it. If some people around her are celebrating Ganesha Puja also, then she may celebrate whichever she finds attractive, or maybe both! In any case she is copying others. To say that it is correct to copy some (those in her community), but wrong/bad to copy others (those outside her community)- is complete bigotry.

Moving away from the philosophical premise that individual preference is above racial/regional stereotyping, I would like to make a few observations. Some Bengali-s are upset that in all-India institutions like corporate offices, “non-Bengali” festivals like Dandiya etc are celebrated but never the Bengali festivals. Again, they find racism in this. My own experience suggests that most (not all, say myself) Bengali people, on coming to any new place, seek out other Bengali-s, and form a closed sub-community among themselves, considering others as different or outsiders, by labelling them all with that one attribute: "non-Bengali". That’s the reason they get isolated from the rest, and their festivals do not  get known to the others! And somewhat anomalously, many people who shout “racism against Bengali-s”, identify themselves as “liberals”, and consider nationalism as vile. They hate it when right-wing parties or organizations denounce “westernization” or “foreign influence in India”. I do not approve of such parties/organizations/jingoist sentiments either, but isn’t these liberals’ way of thought at the regional level equivalent to the militant nationalism of the right-wing parties?

What next for the Common Man's Party?

The 16th Lok Sabha elections are just over. This was, according to a large section of the media, the most fiercely contested parliamentary election in the history of India. While the main fight for power was between two established political parties, with mostly familiar post-poll promises like "economic growth and development" (whatever that means), this election became more interesting due to the advent of a brand new party- the Common Man's Party (CMP) under AK, and activist-politician. This party's main plank was to rid the Indian political system of corruption, and they went about exposing various wrongdoings of the existing parties. At the same time, they had another agenda- to bring real "Swaraj" or self-rule to the common man, by allowing him/her a greater say in governance of the country. Alongside, there were promises to drastically bring down charges of electricity, gas and other essentials, which, according to them, had been hugely overpriced by the existing governments mostly to allow more profit to certain big corporate houses. 

The ideas of CMP, especially their declaration of crusade against corruption, was well-received in Delhi and parts of North UP, Punjab and Haryana, and they made a stunning political debut in the Delhi Assembly polls. Though AK had a rather controversial stint in CM's office for only 49 days, the CMP was expected by many to continue their good show in the Lok Sabha elections also, and they put up candidates in nearly 80% of the seats all over the country. AK himself challenged the IPP (Indian People's Party) prime ministerial candidate to a virtual duel in a IPP stronghold constituency. Unfortunately, a massive wave seemed to have gripped the electorate, and the IPP stormed to power, and the CMP, though not entirely disgraced, could not manage even a fraction of what their leaders had claimed.

Now the elections are over, the CMP has only 4 relatively unknown members in the parliament, and they are out of power in Delhi, with another assembly elections coming up there. The question is, where to now for this fledgling party?

In the past, lots of new parties have been launched by well-meaning, idealist politicians, but most have failed the test of time, and either faded into oblivion, or stayed on, maybe in only one or two states, as "yet another political party".  It will be a great loss if CMP also courts this fate, because it is unique in several ways. First of all, it has a great manifesto, ranging on a variety of issues neglected by mainstream politics, for obvious reasons. These issues include decentralization of power, electoral reforms, transparency in party funding, environmental issues, freeing national policy-making from influence of major corporate houses, and of course their main plank so far- anti-corruption crusade. Another reason for its uniqueness is that it has been able to mobilize the urban youth to levels barely imaginable. To avoid losing its way very early, and instead sustain, grow and ultimately seize political power, it needs a clear vision, which seems to be lacking at the moment.

One of the biggest criticisms of the political analysts and intelligentsia against the CMP is that, its position in the political spectrum is not clear. AK himself has indicated that the party would be flexible in its policies, and need not be rigidly "leftist" or "rightist". Personally, I believe that this apparent weakness or identity crisis can also be a great strength. It is quite clear that in politics, it is never a good idea to paint every issue with the same brush, which is what the political intellectuals have usually tended to do. 

The next big criticism against CMP and AK is that, it depends too much on stunts and theatrics, which may have been successful initially, but have gradually turned people off. Personally I agree to this point fully. The memories of the Delhi CM declaring himself "an anarchist" (probably a misuse of the word, as far as I understand), or of spending nights on the pavement in front of the lieutenant-governor's house to press for a demand, are very much unsavoury to me.  Some other top leaders of the party also have been guilty of over-dramatic behaviour, that does not suit responsible leaders. I feel it is important for them to stop this immediately.

Another related criticism is that AK and other leaders are self-righteous, and always trying to project every established political leader as corrupt. Now for election purposes rhetoric is important, and exposing powerful corrupt people is an important part of CMP's main plank. However, they may not have been able to do this in a way that appeals to people. In fact their later campaigns may have appeared to many people as "fear-mongering", trying to find conspiracy and corruption everywhere on earth. Over-the-top statements against established, popular (perhaps for wrong reasons) leaders, like "there is not an atom of development in Gujarat", have not gone down well with many. Also, a Delhi minister leading a vigilante mob against a settlement of foreigners, and pressurizing the police to arrest them illegally, also reinforce the perception of self-righteousness of the CMP leaders. Another attitude to change quickly.

AK's campaign against many corrupt political leaders and  powerful corporate houses that manipulate national policies for profit, are very relevant. Indeed, so far it has been their main selling point. However, criticising others can take you only so far, unless you have some positive to offer. Looking at CMP's manifesto, it appears that they do have plenty of fresh, appealing ideas which no party has ever explored in India. In my opinion, it is high time CMP identifies a well-defined political philosophy which the party will stand for, until it is achieved.  I don't think anti-corruption movement qualifies as a political philosophy. So what can that philosophy be?

The idea in the CMP manifesto that greatly appeals to me is that of political decentralization. It is the policy of allowing countrymen a greater say in the governance, something that isn't there right now. On this front, the CMP  manifesto promises implementing the Right to Recall elected representatives. It has also suggested conducting local "Mohalla Sabha"-s at locality level, where the local residents can assemble and discuss the needs of the locality, which will then be relayed to a higher policy-making authority. These are fine ideas, but the CMP campaign somehow did not focus on them prominently. They can consider doing so from now on.

There is another aspect of decentralization, which has been considered by CMP, but discussed and communicated very little in their campaigns. This is the issue of supporting various people's movements, in different parts of the country. These include protests against dams and nuclear power-plants, acquisition of agricultural and forest lands for industrial projects, movements against draconian laws and infringement on personal liberties in disturbed/insurgency-affected areas, and so on. In fact, National Alliance of People's Movements (NAPM) had already aimed to unite such protesting groups, and now NAPM has merged with CMP. This is a very significant phenomena, unheard of in the history of India. These are the voices of dissent, protesting against the government, and the most common response of previous governments has been to repress them by force and defame their leaders as selfish, anti-development and/or having vested interests. But any democracy worth its name must heed voices of dissent, particularly if they are coming from already unprivileged people. The merger of NAPM with CMP provides a scope to arm these marginalized and alienated people with political power, with which their representatives can bring up their issues in the highest echelons of power. 

I just found out that a whopping 1687 parties had contested in the elections, most of which contested in only a handful of seats and got about a few thousand votes. Many of these are actually small interest groups, campaigning for unusual caused neglected (or opposed) by the big parties. Some of these causes have strong parochial/communal overtones, and hence cannot be promoted. But the CMP may want to identify the ones with worthy causes, and acquire them or forge alliances with them.

The discussed idea of political decentralization appears a very appealing philosophy to me, and I feel CMP should make it their main aim, and main theme in future elections. That should also justify the name of the party. It is especially important at a time when the country is going through a major churning in the pursuit of development, which has not been inclusive and has resulted in millions of people displaced from their rural homes and traditional professions, lakhs of farmer suicides, and a bloody, fierce civil war in the forested heartland of India. By attending to the alienated people and trying to include them in India's development plans, CMP can prevent further social imbalance, and the resulting violent backlash. It is true that the current mindset of the electorate may not endorse this ideology, as most people seem keen on having a strong center which will hurtle India towards being an "economic superpower", repressing and liquidating all the rural naysayers. Still, this is an ideology which seems worthy enough to fight for.

India needs a party like CMP, that will avoid the beaten path of Indian poltics, and infuse fresh air, fresh issues and fresh ideas into the political system. Only then can we move towards achieving Swaraj- self-rule, for every Indian citizen.

India's Mars Mission: Justified??

Recently, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) achieved a major landmark when they successfully launched the "Mangalayan"- India's spacecraft for the Mars. Of course it has not yet reached its destination, but it is in orbit, and so far things have gone according to plan. This is a project funded by the Government of India, and it is worth INR 450 crores.

Immediately after the launch conflicting opinions have started proliferating the main media as well as social media. People with a leftward tilt have criticized the project to varying degrees, the general argument being that a Mars voyage with Government funding is not justified in a country where a shocking number of people are unable to lead a life of minimum dignity and comfort due to poverty. The western media has criticized the mission on the same ground. The jingoist brigade has taken offence at this, and declared that India's Mars mission is a "tight slap on the face of the jealous Western media". They want India to "teach the westerners a lesson"- namely that Indians are in no way inferior to them in technology, especially in space technology. 

Some feel that if "India" can spend thousands of crores of money over cricket and Diwali crackers, then why not over a spacecraft also? 

The scientific community has generally pointed out that 1) The project is quite low-cost 2) Every good research ultimately benefits mankind as a whole 3) This project is a morale-booster for science and technology research in India, and will make westward-bound Indian science/engineering students consider studying and working in India.

First of all, there is no doubt about the shocking levels of poverty in India. I don't see how any sane person can talk about "teaching the Western world a lesson" when so many of India's own people are living in miserable conditions. It is probably true that the Western media is jealous, but unfortunately the points they are raising are irrefutably true. I do not want to debate the scientific community's claim that this will ultimately benefit humanity including these poor people. However even if it were true, it would seem a greater priority to me to channelize government spending in a way that is more tangible in terms of improving the minimum living conditions of the people as soon as possible. The reason why I am not opposing the Mars mission strongly is that it is actually quite low-cost, compared to most government projects. Even some of the smaller railway projects consume several thousands of crores. And of course, the points being made about Diwali crackers or cricket are irrelevant. "Spending money" is not the point, we need to see who is spending the money, and to whom the money is going! The spendings over Diwali crackers or cricket are not by the government! It would have been best if instead of the Government, the project had been funded by profit-making yet well-meaning Indian companies and entrepreneurs (if any such companies or entrepreneurs exist), or by voluntary donations by the people, especially the scientific community. 

I have heard some very optimistic thoughts by idealists. Thoughts on the lines of "the poorest people will look up at the sky- towards the Mars- and think that if their poor country could get there, then they can also rise out of their poverty". Or that the bright Indian student who is fed up with the quality of research in India will have a morale boost. Well, I highly doubt if these- especially the former- will ever happen. Well, if it happens, then it is good! 

Speeding up Indian Railways

India has one of the largest railway networks in the world, which is also one of the largest employers in the world. It is amazingly complex, and has to deal with a number of very unique challenges. However when it comes to efficiency, it is at best decent, and has lots of room for improvement. Safety and punctuality are major issues, and there is also a need for redistribution of trains (more trains in many routes, particularly in rural areas and suburban railways, perhaps instead of redundant trains on the main and saturated routes).

A glaring drawback of Indian Railways is the speed of trains. Currently only one train reaches 160 Kph (that too in small patches), and a handful of others (perhaps 10-12) reach 130 Kph. 130 or 160 Kph as maximum speed are not really bad by international standards, but the average speed of Indian trains is disappointing to say the least. Only three trains average 90 Kph or more and around 10 are in 80-90 Kph. These are all "elite" trains- Rajdhani, Shatabdi or Duronto- fully air-conditioned and relatively short (15-16 coaches). The long 24-coach mail/express trains usually do not have average speeds of even 70 Kph with maximum speed restricted to 110 Kph.

The really baffling thing is that there does not appear to be any serious will among the authorities to improve this situation. These speeds have remained static since the last 30-40 years. Admittedly there are now some more trains averaging above 80 Kph than about 15 years back, and some routes (like Howrah-New Jalpaiguri) have seen considerable improvements, but the overall standard has not gone up at all. Also, some Express trains have actually been slowed down considerably. Poorva Express, Kalka Mail, Tamil Nadu Express, Vaigai Express are only some trains to suffer this fate. And all this despite the fact that many of these trains run entirely over fully-electrified Class-A tracks (fit for 160 Kph), and over the years, the locomotives as well as signalling systems have been considerably improved.

I want to see the speed bar of Indian trains (except for local services) being raised by at least 15-20Kph. I believe it is possible to achieve this simply with intelligent scheduling and without any significant change in infrastructure. The process is undoubtedly long and challenging. However, it can start as follows:

Many of the routes connecting the 7 major cities of India (Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad) are fully electrified, Class A tracks with double line. All the Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Duronto trains in these routes should aim to attain the speed of 160 Kph for as long as possible. This should be possible with WAP5 locomotives with 15-16 carriages with the state-of-the-art LHB rakes. Consequently, the average speeds of these trains should be scaled up to 100-110 Kph. This will quicken the journeys of trains like Howrah Rajdhani (13 hrs), Sealdah Rajdhani (13 hrs), Sealdah-New Delhi Duronto (12.5 hrs), Howrah-Mumbai Duronto (19 hrs), Howrah-Chennai Duronto (yet to be introduced-16 hrs), Mumbai Rajdhani (12 hrs), August Kranti Rajdhani (13 hrs), Chennai Rajdhani (20 hrs), Secunderabad Rajdhani (16 hrs), Mumbai-Ahmendabad Shatabdi (4.5 hrs) and Chennai-Bangalore Shatabdi (3.5 hrs). 

Apart from these premier trains with relative less coaches, many classic "superfast" trains with 24 coaches also ply on these routes on daily basis. These trains have a large number of non-AC coaches, which are limited to 110 Kph. It should be a priority to rework the design of these coaches so that they can run at 130-140Kph, if not 160. If this can be done, then 24-coach trains with WAP7 locomotives should be able to run consistently at 140Kph on the Class A tracks, with average speeds of around 90 Kph. This set of trains can include: Poorva and/or Howrah-New Delhi Superfast (16 hrs), Gitanjali and/or Jnaneswari Express (22 hrs), Coromondal Express (19 hrs), Golden Temple Mail (15.5 hrs between Mumbai and Delhi), Tamil Nadu Express (24 hrs), Andhra Pradesh Express (19 hours), Brindavan and/or Lalbagh Express (4 hrs), Kerala Express (36 hrs).

Once these are achieved, the target should be to improve the speed bars of the remaining trains. No express train should have an average speed below 50 Kph. The speed-up will ensure that the train is again relevant to well-off urban professionals. As punctuality improves and distribution of trains is re-adjusted to suit the needs of passengers, people living in rural areas will have easier access to nearest major stations where they can board the fast-moving trains to their destinations. I hope that the train, always more energy-efficient and eco-friendly, again becomes the first-choice mode of transport in India, trumping roadways and low-cost private airlines.

songs and memories

I am not a great fan of music, but an average fan no doubt. Over the last 4 years I have developed this habit of putting on headphones while working in the lab, and playing song after song on Youtube, or turning on my MP3 player and plugging in the earphones while travelling by train/air, or taking strolls in the campus. Before I developed these habits, when I was at home I often listened to songs on TV/radio. It is amazing how certain songs are able to encode the exact feel of a particular time, and can take a person's mind back to that time when played much later. I am 27 now, at the advanced stages of my PhD, and it won't be long before I finish my student life, and my youth. I always have had the habit of looking back, and try to re-live certain times in the past. For this purpose I created a list of songs, which, when listened in a certain sequence, runs me through some of the most memorable times of my post-school student life- B.E., M.E. and Ph.D.

1) Saanson ko saanson me dhalne do zara (Movie: Hum-Tum)

August 2004. First year, first semester in JU. Beginning of a completely new life, not sure how to handle it. A lot of freedom and relaxation on offer, not sure whether to accept it or not. Confusion.

2) Dhoom macha le (Movie: Dhoom)

September 2004. Settling into college life. Freshers' Welcome. The entire class danced on the dias of Gandhi Bhavan to this song.

3) Chand sifarish (Movie: Fanaa)

June 2006. Now settled in JU, with an established circle of friends, and priorities in college life fixed. It was a hot summer, semester exams over, working on the IIM project. Occasional visits to IIM Joka. Often used to go to the JU Architecture lab and work from there. Friends also hung around this lab.

4) Tu hi meri shab hai (Movie: Gangster)

October 2006. Trip to Pune and Mumbai with JBNSTS. Staying away from home with other students (not particularly close friends) for a significant period of time (15 days). Beautiful, serene nights in the Pune University campus.

5) Ya Ali raham Ali (Movie Gangster)

March-April 2007. Insanely busy. Studying hard for GRE. Working on 3 projects simultaneously. Trying to keep up with studies in class, and recover the faltering CGPA. Placements appearing in the horizon. Cracked GRE with an awesome score, but hit by chicken pox less than a week before start of semester exams. Writing exams alone in separate room.

6) Tala tum tala tum (Movie: Aitraaz)

August-September 2007. Academics have become second priority. Preoccupied with the continuing tensions with one of my best friends and my only female friend at that time. Highly disturbed, worried and scared.

7) Ye ishq haai (Movie: Jab We Met)

December 2007. Recovering from the tension just mentioned. Trying to put life in order, and get focus back to academics. TIFR, GATE knocking on the door.

8) Zara si dil mein de jagah tu (Movie: Zannat)

June 2008. B.E. over, and over in the worst way imaginable (keeping academics aside). Emotionally drained and bankrupt. Feeling of loneliness. Unexpected call from IISc. Interaction with would-be classmates over Orkut. Hopes for a happier life in IISc.

9) Where's the party tonite? (Movie: Kabhie Alvida na kehna)

June-July 2009. Completed a depressing first semester and an unthinkably hectic second semster in IISc. Trying to get M.E. project going. Trying to get a hold of a completely unfamiliar but fascinating subject. Rainy days. Class trip to Coorg. Awesome happy experience- revenge of the disastrous JU picnic (Tala tum). Great hopes- project will work out, paper will be published, offer will come from a good US university, and will celebrate by dancing to the beats of this song with friends.

10) Azaadi (Movie: Bose the Forgotten Hero)

November 2009. Time for first paper submission, and also application to US universities. "Insanely busy" too weak a statement. Worked 76 hours in last 4 days before paper submission. Applications completed at last moment. Completely gutted but great hopes.

11) Tu tu hai wahi

May-june 2010. All dreams crushed. M.E. looks average. No publication. No option left but to continue in same place for Ph.D.

12) Dil de diya hai (Movie: Masti)

September 2010. First semster of Ph.D. Missing classmates. Lonely, bored and depressed. Analysis class failing to turn me on. Instead craving for a quick freedom from written exams.

13) Tara Tara Hidisire (Movie: Kempegowda, kannada)

June 2011. Yahoo internship going on. Very busy and strained. Not enough rest. Still satisfied- having too much to do is always better than having nothing to do. Interaction with world outside campus- with other kinds of people.

14) Why this kolaveri di?

November-December 2011. Finally out of the prolonged phase of depression. Trying to make up a new life.

15) Badal pe paon hai (Movie: Chak de India)

First foreign trip. Incredible experience. Returning alone by flight. Spending night alone in Delhi airport- so much life and vigour everywhere. Super excitement. 

On the Delhi Rape

In December 2012, India was shaken by the ghastly rape and subsequent death of a young woman, pseudonym-ed as Damini or Nirbhaya. While India has a shamefully high number of rapes (many of which supposedly go unreported), the capital city of Delhi had in recent years acquired the title "rape capital" for the particularly high (even by Indian standards) number of rapes happening in it. Even then, this one has received huge media coverage and has provoked unprecedented outrage in Delhi, (partly?) because of its horribly brutal nature. 

The public reaction to this horrible incident has mostly been centered around vociferous demands for stricter laws and more severe punishment (including death penalty) for rapists. But whether stringent laws and tough punishment can actually reduce rapes or not, will not be clear unless the causes of rape are understood correctly. In the wake of the mentioned incident, there have been analyses of why so many rapes are happening in India. The most important factors which have been highlighted are 1) with the increasing emancipation of females, egoistic males are feeling threatened, and rape is their method of trying to subdue women, 2) the proliferation of "Western Culture", 3) Influence of certain advertisements and movies (especially item numbers) which "objectify women", 4) Lack of sexual freedom in India etc.

I am no social scientist. Nor do i have access to data to give opinions on how important these factors are. But personally, I find it hard to believe that rapes have anything to do with lack of sexual freedom. Rape is an enormously violent activity, and no one can possibly get sexual pleasure out of it. If at all someone does get pleasure, it would be sadistic or some such perverted form of pleasure. I do not quite understand what is "Western Culture", so nor can I comment about it. It is true that some item songs of Bollywood and regional movies seem insensitive in their portrayal of women, and personally I do think it is possible that they give the impression to people that women do not mind getting raped. However I also do not like the idea of blaming Bollywood or the movie industry as a whole for this matter. Surely there are many movies which do portray women nicely. While it can be argued that such movies are usually "flop" in the box office, the film industry cannot be blamed for that. Rather, I would believe (again, without data) that the non-uniform and non-inclusive economic growth in India in recent years is a more important factor.

But another point on which I do not see much discussion is about what are the implications of rape on the victim. In India, rape is viewed as "dishonoring" a woman, or robbing her of  her modesty. Most anti-rape activists say that rape is worse than murder, because a raped victim has to live through hell for the rest of her life, because of the social stigma that gets associated with her. But why should that be the case? Why cannot rape be looked upon as simply a horrible form of violence on women? Why at all is there any talk of dishonoring? No one can be dishonored by subjecting him/her to violence. Rape victims must not feel dishonored, they must not feel ashamed, they have no reason to. The society too must not attach any stigma with a rape victim- neither cringe at her sight, nor consider her a slut and nor pity her, but consider her as just another normal person. I do not know how to stop rapes, but can we not ensure that rape victims do not have to feel  that they have been dishonored? And if the feminist theory regarding rapes is true (rape is a way of subduing women), then indeed this should reduce the number of rapes, as the rapists will understand that women cannot be subdued by raping!!

On the execution of Kasab

So finally Ajmal Kasab, the lone surviving terrorist to participate in the 26/11 attacks in Mumbai, has been executed, after 4 years of interrogation and trial. The execution was managed quite smartly by the authorities -they never gave anyone an inkling about the upcoming execution, and reported it only after it was over. Thus they avoided unnecessary attention, hype and controversy all over the world. For once, Indian authorities showed that even they can be smart!

Until the unexpected news of his execution arrived, many Indians had been seething with rage for the past 4 years. They were upset that the government was not only delaying the execution, but actually spending astronomical amounts of money daily to ensure his security. And all this for a person who had caused the massacre of 50-odd people in CSTM station and around! Facebook was flooded with communities like "I want to kill Kasab" , and with posts ridiculing the government's handling of the issue. News portals regularly carried reports on how the government is spending money to ensure Kasab's security, without providing adequate aid to family members of the victims. After the execution, many of them are satisfied, though others would have been happier had the execution been public. They feel that "justice" has finally been done to India, and to the families of the victims. Reports are available that many of the victims families also do feel relieved after the execution. At the same time, some voices are singing different notes. They are anyway against death penalty/execution and feel that victory chants celebrating the execution are barbaric in nature.

I am neither a great supporter nor a strong opponent of execution in general. In Kasab's case, I feel there were significant practical reasons to execute him. The hype around him had made him important, albeit symbolically, to the terrorist organizations. There would always have been the danger of terrorists creating hostage crises, demanding his release. Besides, as already noted, having him in custody was causing a huge drain on the government exchequer. Possibly it was not worthwhile to run grave risks and spend huge sums of money on a ruthless murderer, and to get rid of him was a sensible decision.

On the other hand, I do not think this execution needs to be romanticized as "delivery of justice" and so on. It needs to be borne in mind that Kasab was actually a poor boy, sold to terrorist organizations, brain-washed by them and used as a pawn in an infernal plot. In that sense, Kasab is himself a victim of terrorism. He is a mass-murderer no doubt, and I do feel that he should be punished, but it should be understood that punishing  him, in whatever way, is not going to solve the greater problem of terrorism. Besides when Kasab and his comrades had come to attack Mumbai they were on a suicidal mission, and knew that they would probably die. His comrades all died in action, he died at the gallows, 4 years later. Whatever had to happen, just happened. There is no reason to talk about "justice" for this.

Finally, regarding the jubilant celebrations about his execution, I do not want to make any comment. I will not join such celebrations, and am tempted to say that I find them distasteful. But then my feelings on this matter are largely objective, since I was fortunate enough not to suffer any personal loss in the attack. I respect the feelings of those whose lives were scarred forever in that horrible incident.